![]() Figure 2 presents the concept on such system realized by the holographic Pepper’s ghost which is presented in this chapter. For instance, an ordinary wall can serve as a screen for a virtual-image-based video-communication system. Such usage might be interesting because it allows ordinary environments to be converted into screens for virtual-image display. If the screen for a virtual-image display could be implemented in an upright alignment like Figure 1(b), it could be integrated with flat walls, doors, windows, and existing 2-D screens. It is simple to realize this arrangement of the optical system however, the optical system will likely be bulky due to the tilted alignment. The classical realization of an optical system for the Pepper’s ghost is based on the use of a slanted half mirror, like that in Figure 1(a). This kind of visual applications can provide attractive and surprising user experiences such as the ultra-realistic telepresence system. This feature is useful for realizing the unconventional visual systems based on cyber-physical fusion, which is recently referred as AR technology. Since the virtual image is formed outside the frame of a display, it is perceived as if it was appearing on the air. ![]() Pepper’s ghost is an illusion technique exploiting virtual images. More detailed background information for the work described here is given in. In this chapter, we describe background on the virtual-image-based applications in Section 2, a method for exposing a holographic mirror in Section 3, the concept and verification of the proposed virtual-image display in Section 4, and the concept and verification of the proposed virtual camera in Section 5. We also showed that a similar optical design can be applied to the realization of a virtual camera, by using a virtualization method of a camera device based on off-axis image capturing. To realize the virtual-image-based applications only with a thin optical system, we have proposed a new optical system that integrates an HOE-based mirror referred as holographic mirror, dispersion-compensation optics, and a digital projector. HOEs have been applied to head-up displays (HUDs), head-mount displays (HMDs), bidirectional displays, see-through diffusive screens projection-type three-dimensional (3-D) displays, 3-D user interfaces, wearable eye-gaze detection systems, solar-power generation systems, vibration and temperature measurements, and 3-D telepresence systems. Many applications of HOEs exploit their flexibility in performing optical functions and their see-through characteristics. For example, virtual imaging has been used in various applications from head-mounted displays (HMDs) to public theaters, where digital images are displayed as overlapping on real objects.Ī holographic optical element (HOE) is capable of implementing various flexible optical functions on a thin, flat, and transparent film based on wavefront recording and reconstruction. ![]() Recently, such technology has been revisited in the context of augmented reality (AR). ![]() The perception of cyber-physical fusion using virtual images mainly relies on the imperceptibility of the frame of the display, which is caused by an axial displacement between the image plane and the screen plane. In Pepper’s ghost, a virtual image is displayed on real objects by using a slanted half mirror, which can realize surprising visual experiences like optical illusions. A famous example is Pepper’s ghost, which was invented over 100 years ago. The fusion of optical images and real objects has been an interesting topic in the field of optics and information technology. ![]()
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